comparacion de los tiempos verbales presentes,pasado y futuro
PRESENTE SIMPLE:
S (I, YOU, WE, THEY) + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
I answer your question (Yo respondo tu pregunta)
S (SHE, HE, IT) + VERB IN INFINITIVE + S + COMP
He works with me (Él trabaja conmigo) * Se agrega S al final del verbo al hablar en tercera persona solo en la forma afirmativa del presente simple.
S (I, YOU, WE, THEY) + DON'T + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
En la forma negativa usamos el auxiliar Do dependiendo de que sujeto usemos DON'T dor I, YOU, WE, THEY
S (SHE, HE, IT) + DOESN'T + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
We use DOESN'T for SHE, HE, IT (tercera persona)
DO (I, YOU, WE, THEY) + S + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP ?
En la forma interrogativa usamos el DO y el DOES dependiendo del sujeto que usemos (DO to talk about I, YOU, WE, THEY and DOES to talk about HE, SHE, IT)
DOES (SHE, HE, IT) + S + BER IN INFINITIVE + COMP. ?
AL RESPONDER: Yes + s + do or does (Dependiendo del sujeto)
EX: Yes I do or Yes he does
NO, S + DON'T OR DOESN'T (Dependiendo claramente del sujeto como en el caso anterior)
Al responder siempre usaremos el pronombre , YOU, HE, SHE, ETC nunca el nombre del sujeto NO SE HACE: yes, Maria Does. Por ejemplo.
PAST SIMPLE:
Para hablar de pasado simple tenemos que tener en cuenta que usaremos verbos regulares e irregulares, los verbos regulares agregan un ED alfinal del verbo en infinitivo (work ---> worked) mientras que los verbos irregulares siguen su propia regla para el pasado y el participio (EAT ---> ATE) los verbos irregulares debes aprenderlos de memoria.
ESTRUCTURAS DEL PASADO SIMPLE:
AFFIRMATIVE: S + VERB IN PAST + COMP
EX: I worked for her (Yo trabajé para ella)
NEGATIVE: S + DIDN'T + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
EX: I didn't work here (Yo no trabajé aquí)
INTERROGATIVE: DID + S + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
EX: Did you speak me yesterday? (Me hablaste ayer?)
RESPUESTAS: YES + S + DID OR NOT + S + DIDN'T
FUTURE SIMPLE:
Al momento de hablar en futuro tenemos dos opciones el WILL y el Be going to ambos expresan acciones en futuro, aquí la diferencia:
WILL --- > ACCIONES VOLUNTARIAS, PROMESAS Y PREDICCIONES
EX: I will help you in your question (Te ayudaré en tu pregunta) acción voluntaria en tiempo futuro.
GOING TO --- > PLANES Y PREDICCIONES.
EX: I'm going to work tomorrow (Voy a trabajar mañana)
ESTRUCTURAS: WILL
AFFIRAMATIVE: S + WILL + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
NEGATIVE: S + WON'T + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
INTERROGATIVE: WILL + S + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
ANSWER: YES + S + WILL or NO + S + WON'T
ESTRUCTURAS: BE GOING TO
Este tipo de futuro emplea el verbo to be al formar oraciones en futuro.
AFFIRMATIVE S + AM/IS/ARE + GOING TO + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP
EX: She is going to go to the cinema tomorrow (Ella va a ir al cine mañana)
NEGATIVE: S + AM/IS/ARE NOT + GOING TO + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMP-
EX: You aren't going to go at home (Tu no vas a ir a casa)
INTERROGATIVE: AM/IS/ARE + S + GOING TO + VER IN INFINITIVE + COMP ?
EX: ARE YOU GOING TO WORK THIS WEEK? (vas a trabajar esta semana?)
ACLARO: The beast esta mal, Ese es solo el uso del verbo TO BE en su forma pasada y en presente pero no es el uso correcto del presente simple ni del pasado simple, además cuando hablamos de WILL BE nos referimos al futuro continuo y no el futuro simple.
Pero cuando en español utilizamos el tiempo futuro, en frase tales como, "Yo iré....Ella comprará....Tu vendrás..." en inglés debemos utilizar "Will".
¿Y qué es "Will"?
"Will" es un verbo modal (o auxiliar) que se utiliza para formar el futuro.
"Will" siempre debe ir acompañado de otro verbo para formar el futuro. Veamos algunos ejemplos:
Ejemplo 1: I will work [ai güil guork]. Yo trabajaré.
Ejemplo 2: She will study [shi güil stadi]. Ella estudiará.
Ejemplo 3. It will work. [Itgüil gourk]. (Ello) Funcionará.
Ejemplo 4: They will learn [deigüil lern]. Ellos/Ellas aprenderán.
¿Cómo se contrae "Will"?
"Will" se contrae así: 'll. Por lo tanto, decimos: I'll go [ailgou]. Iré
Veamos todas las contracciones:
I will
I'll [ail]
You will
You'll [iul]
He will
He'll [hil]
She will
She'll [shil]
It will
It'll [Itl]
We will
We'll [güil]
They will
They'll [deil]
Veamos ahora la estructura del futuro con "Will" en oraciones afirmativas:
Estructura: Sujeto + will + "verbo principal en infinitivo".
Recuerda: Para hablar de un futuro no planificado e incierto, debes utilizar "will" o "won't" (negativo). También se utiliza el "will" para hacer predicciones. Por ejemplo: "I think it will snow [aizink Itgüilsnou]". Creo que nevará. "Will" también sirve para dar órdenes. Por ejemplo decimos: Will you close the door please [guiliuclousdedorplis]? Por favor, ¿podrías cerrar la puerta?
¿Cómo se pregunta con "Will"?
Estructura preguntas: Will + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo+?
Ejemplo 1: Will I work [güilaiguork]? ¿Trabajaré?
Ejemplo 2: Will she study [güilshistadi]? ¿Estudiará (ella)?
Ejemplo 3. Will it work [güilItgourk]? ¿Funcionará? (Ello)
Ejemplo 4: Will they learn [güildei lern]? ¿Aprenderán? (Ellos/Ellas)
¿Cómo se niega con "Will"?
Estructura negación: Sujeto + won't+ verbo en infinitivo
Ejemplo 1: I won't work [ai guontguork]. Yo no trabajaré.
Ejemplo 2: She won't study [shi guontstadi]. Ella no estudiará.
Ejemplo 3. It won't work. [Itguont gourk]. (Ello) No funcionará.
Ejemplo 4: They won't learn [deiguont lern]. Ellos/Ellas no aprenderán.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre "will" y "shall"? Ambos son verbos modales (auxiliares) que se utilizan para formar el futuro. "Shall" es más usado en inglés británico y "Will" en inglés americano. No obstante, "shall" puede utilizarse (en inglés británico) para hacer una sugerencia o invitación. Por ejemplo: "Shall we go[shalgüigou]?"¿Nos vamos?
Para terminar, vamos a hacer unos ejercicios:
Pincha aquí para hacer ejercicios para distinguir entre "will" y "going to".
Más ejercicios para distinguir entre "will" y "going to".
Do you work on saturday? para pasado: Did you work on saturday?
Does he play the guitar? -past: Did he play the guitar?
I do my homework alone. - past: I did my homework alone.
Does she cook very well? - past: Did she cook very well?
Do you study so much?- past: Did you study so much?
They go to the school in the morning? -past: Did They go to the school in the morning?
Do they work very hard? -past: Did they work very hard?
We make the beds. 'past: We made the beds.
Do you play tennis?-past: Did you play tennis?
Does your mother cook at home?-past: Did your mother cook at home?
I jump very high. past: I jumped very high.
Do you study for your exams?-past: Did you study for your exams?
Does he do exercise? 'past: Did he do exercise?
What do you do?- past: What did you do?
Where does She go? 'past: Where did she go?
When do they arrive? 'past: When did they arrive?
What time do you sleep? 'past:What time did you sleep?
We go to the cinema- past: We went to the cinema.
The cat eat meat. 'past: Tha cat ate meat.
Does he drive a motorbike? 'past: Did he drive a motorbike?
Where do you live?'past: Where did you live?
Do
I
speak fluently?
Do
you
travel a lot?
Does
he
play golf?
Does
she
climb mountains?
Does
it
make too much noise?
Do
we
sell instant soup?
Do
they
work hard?
Ordene las siguientes oraciones
1.he yesterday go to match the did
?
2. does what she usually at buy supermarket the
?
3. you were office the last at Monday
?
4. your meet husband where you did
?
5. much sweater cost this does how
?
6. camera did their they take
?
7. an English she teacher is
?
8. finish when university your did father
?
9. you why angry were yesterday
?
10. kind music what of listen did you to teenager were when you a
Where were you born?
I was born in Newcastle.
How often do you train a week?
I train twice a week.
Who do you live with?
I live with my parents and my brother.
How did you travel to Paris last summer?
I travelled by plane.
Do you like reading on the beach?
Yes, I do. It's very relaxing.
When did you meet your best friend?
I met her when I was 6.
What do you like doing in your free time?
I like going to museums.
When do you normally go on holiday?
I normally go in August.
Who is your favourite actor?
I don't have a favourite actor.
When did you last go to the cinema?
Two weeks ago, I think.